Mtonga Isaac Pharmacy is Health and Medical facility that manufacture Herbal medicines at Traditional level and provides treatment to so many kinds of diseases.
This Health facility is based on Herbal medicines rather than Drugs to maintain good health. It is branded by Dr. Mtonga N. Isaac (Herbalist) in Lusaka capital city of Zambia, African region. This business name was registered on 23rd March, 2022 according to Act No: 16 of 2011 of the Laws of Zambia.
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Prolactinoma is a condition in which a noncancerous tumor (adenoma) of the pituitary gland in your brain overproduces the hormone prolactin. The major effect is decreased levels of some sex hormones — estrogen in women and testosterone in men.
Although prolactinoma isn't life-threatening, it can impair your vision, causeinfertilityand produce other effects. Prolactinoma is the most common type of hormone-producing tumor that can develop in your pituitary gland.
Doctors can often treat prolactinoma with medications to restore your prolactin level to normal. Surgery to remove the pituitary tumor also might be an option.
SYMPTOMS
There may be no noticeable signs or symptoms from prolactinoma. However, signs and symptoms can result from excessive prolactin in your blood (hyperprolactinemia) or from pressure on surrounding tissues from a large tumor. Because elevated prolactin can disrupt the reproductive system (hypogonadism), some of the signs and symptoms of prolactinoma are specific to females or males.
In females, prolactinoma can cause:
*Irregular menstrual periods (oligomenorrhea) or no menstrual periods (amenorrhea)
*Milky discharge from the breasts (galactorrhea) when not pregnant or breast-feeding
*Reduction of other hormone production by the pituitary gland (hypopituitarism) as a result of tumor pressure
*Loss of interest in sexual activity
*Headaches
*Visual disturbances
*Infertility
Women tend to notice signs and symptoms earlier than men do, when tumors are smaller in size, probably because they're alerted by missed or irregular menstrual periods. Men tend to notice signs and symptoms later, when tumors are larger and more likely to cause headache or vision problems.
When to see a doctor?
If you develop signs and symptoms associated with prolactinoma, see your doctor to determine the cause.
CAUSES
Prolactinoma is one type of tumor that develops in the pituitary gland. The cause of these tumors is unknown.
The pituitary gland is a small bean-shaped gland situated at the base of your brain. Despite its small size, the pituitary gland influences nearly every part of your body. Its hormones help regulate important functions such as growth, blood pressure and reproduction.
Other possible causes of prolactin overproduction include medications, other types ofpituitary tumors, an underactive thyroid gland, an injury to the chest, pregnancy and breast-feeding.
RISK FACTORS
Most prolactinomas occur in women between 20 and 34 years old, but can occur in both sexes at any age. The disorder is rare in children.
COMPLICATIONS
Complications of prolactinoma may include:
*Vision loss.Left untreated, a prolactinoma may grow large enough to compress your optic nerve.
*Hypopituitarism.With larger prolactinomas, pressure on the normal pituitary gland can cause dysfunction of other hormones controlled by the pituitary, resulting inhypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency and growth hormone deficiency.
*Bone loss (osteoporosis).Too much prolactin can reduce production of the hormones estrogen and testosterone, resulting in decreased bone density and an increased risk ofosteoporosis.
*Pregnancy complications.During a normal pregnancy, a woman's production of estrogen increases. In a woman with a large prolactinoma, these high levels of estrogen may cause tumor growth and associated signs and symptoms, such as headaches and changes in vision.
If you have prolactinoma and you want to become or are already pregnant, talk to your doctor. Adjustments in your treatment and monitoring may be necessary.
PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT
You'll likely start by seeing your family doctor or a general practitioner. You may then be referred to a doctor who specializes in disorders that affect your glands and hormones (endocrinologist).
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS
If you have signs and symptoms that suggest you have prolactinoma, your doctor may recommend:
*Blood tests.Blood tests can detect the overproduction of prolactin and whether levels of other hormones controlled by the pituitary are within the normal range. Women of childbearing age also will have a pregnancy test.
*Brain imaging.Your doctor may be able to detect a pituitary tumor on an image generated by a magnetic resonance imaging scan of your brain.
*Vision tests.These can determine if a pituitary tumor has impaired your sight.
In addition, your doctor may refer you for more extensive testing with a doctor who specializes in treating disorders of the endocrine system (endocrinologist).
TREATMENTS AND DRUGS
Goals in the treatment of prolactinoma include:
*Return the production of prolactin to normal levels
*Restore normal pituitary gland function
*Reduce the size of the pituitary tumor
*Eliminate any signs or symptoms from tumor pressure, such as headaches or vision problems
*Improve quality of life
Prolactinoma treatment consists of two main therapies: medications and surgery.
Medications
Oral medications often can decrease the production of prolactin and eliminate symptoms. Medications may also shrink the tumor. However, long-term treatment with medications is generally necessary.
Doctors use drugs known as dopamine agonists to treat prolactinoma. These drugs mimic the effects of dopamine — the brain chemical that normally controls prolactin production — but are much more potent and long lasting. Commonly prescribed medications include bromocriptine (Cycloset, Parlodel) and cabergoline. These drugs decrease prolactin production and may shrink the tumor in most people with prolactinoma.
Medication during pregnancy
Bromocriptine is the preferred drug when treating women who want to restore their fertility. However, once you become pregnant, your doctor will likely advise you to stop taking either medication.
Although both drugs are considered safe in early pregnancy, their safety throughout pregnancy isn't known. However, if you have a large prolactinoma or you develop signs and symptoms such as headaches or vision changes, your doctor may recommend that you restart your medication to prevent complications from the prolactinoma.
If you're being treated for prolactinoma and you'd like to start a family, it's best to discuss your options with your doctor before you become pregnant.
Common side effects
Nausea and vomiting, nasal stuffiness, headache, and drowsiness are common side effects of these medications. However, these side effects often can be minimized if your doctor starts you with a very low dose of medication and gradually increases the dose.
Cabergoline is the preferred treatment because it appears to be more effective than bromocriptine. It also has less frequent and less severe side effects. However, it's more expensive than bromocriptine and it's newer, so its long-term safety record isn't as well-established.
There have been rare cases of heart valve damage with cabergoline, but usually in people taking much higher doses for Parkinson's disease. Some people may also develop compulsive behaviors, such as gambling, while taking these medications.
If medication shrinks the tumor significantly and your prolactin level remains normal for two years, you may be able to taper off the medication with your doctor's guidance. However, recurrence is common. Don't stop taking your medication without your doctor's approval.
Surgery
If drug therapy for prolactinoma doesn't work or you can't tolerate the medication, surgery to remove the tumor may be an option. Surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on the nerves that control your vision.
The type of surgery you have will depend largely on the size and extent of your tumor:
*Transsphenoidal surgery.Most people who need surgery have this procedure, in which the tumor is removed through the nasal cavity. Complication rates are low because no other areas of the brain are touched during surgery, and this surgery leaves no visible scars.
*Transcranial surgery.If your tumor is large or has spread to nearby brain tissue, you may need this procedure, also known as a craniotomy. The surgeon reaches the tumor through the upper part of the skull.
The outcome of surgery depends on the size and location of the tumor and your prolactin levels before surgery, as well as the skill of the surgeon. The higher the prolactin level, the slimmer the chance that prolactin production will return to normal after surgery.
Surgery corrects the prolactin level in most people with smallpituitary tumors. However, manypituitary tumorscome back within five years of surgery. For people with larger tumors that can only be partially removed, drug therapy often can return the prolactin level to a normal range after surgery.
Radiation
For people who don't respond to medication and aren't candidates for surgery, radiation therapy may be an option.
CERVICAL STENOSIS(BLOCKED CERVIX) AND TREATMENT The cervix is the doorway between your vagina and uterus. It’s the bottom part of your uterus located at the very top of your vagina and looks kind of like a small doughnut. The opening in the center of the cervix is called the os. The cervix works like a gatekeeper, controlling what is allowed and isn’t allowed through the os. When you aren’t pregnant, your cervix produces mucus, known as vaginal discharge. During most of the month, your cervix produces a thick mucus that clogs up the os, making it difficult for sperm to enter your uterus. When you ovulate, however, your cervix produces a thin, slippery mucus. Your cervix may also soften or change position, and the os may open slightly. This is all a calculated effort to make it easier for sperm to enter your uterus. In the days before your period begins, your cervix may harden or change position. The os may narrow and prepare to close in the event of a pregnancy. If there
CONTENTS WhatsApp Facebook Page Telegram Group LinkedIn Group WhatsApp Community We have Solution to your health problem, please click on WhatsApp button below to talk to Dr Mtonga N. Isaac or send Email to us, we are located in Lusaka Zambia. Acidosis (Acid body) and treatment Acromegaly and treatment Adenomyosis and treatment Alcohol poisoning and treatment Amenorrhea (No menstruations) and treatment Amniotic fluid embolism and treatment Amyloidosis and treatment Anal cancer and treatment Anemia (Lack of blood) and treatment Arthritis and treatment Asherman's syndrome and treatment Aspergilosis and treatment Bartholin's cyst and treatment Benign prostatic hypeeplasia and treatment Burning mouth syndrome and treatment Cancer and treatment Candidiasis (Oral thrush) and treatment Carbon monoxide poisoning and treatment Carbuncles/Boils and treatment CD4 - CD8 Count and treatment Celiac disease and treatment Cervical Cancer and treatment Cervical si
PELVIC INFLAMMATION DISEASE (PID) AND TREATMENT Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the female reproductive organs. It usually occurs when sexually transmitted bacteria spread from your vagina to your uterus, fallopian tubes or ovaries. Many women who develop pelvic inflammatory disease either experience no signs or symptoms or don't seek treatment. Pelvic inflammatory disease may be detected only later when you have trouble getting pregnant or if you develop chronic pelvic pain. SYMPTOMS Signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease may include: *Pain in your lower abdomen and pelvis *Heavy vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor *Irregular menstrual bleeding *Pain during intercourse *Fever *Painful or difficult urination PID may cause only minor signs and symptoms or none at all. PID with mild or no symptoms is especially common when the infection is due to chlamydia. When to see a doctor Go to the emergency room if you experience the followi
ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION (IMPOTENCE) AND TREATMENT Erectile dysfunction (impotence) occurs when a man can no longer get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse. Having erection trouble from time to time isn't necessarily a cause for concern. But if erectile dysfunction is an ongoing problem, it may cause stress, cause relationship problems or affect your self-confidence. Even though it may seem awkward to talk with your doctor about erectile dysfunction, go in for an evaluation. Problems getting or keeping an erection can be a sign of a health condition that needs treatment, such as heart disease or poorly controlled diabetes. Treating an underlying problem may be enough to reverse your erectile dysfunction. If treating an underlying condition doesn't help your erectile dysfunction, medications or other direct treatments may work. SYMPTOMS Erectile dysfunction symptoms may include persistent: 1. Trouble getting an erection 2. Trouble keeping an erectio
AMENORRHEA AND TREATMENT Amenorrhea (uh-men-o-REE-uh) is the absence of menstruation — one or more missed menstrual periods. Women who have missed at least three menstrual periods in a row have amenorrhea, as do girls who haven't begun menstruation by age 15. The most common cause of amenorrhea is pregnancy. Other causes of amenorrhea include problems with the reproductive organs or with the glands that help regulate hormone levels. Treatment of the underlying condition often resolves amenorrhea. This disease has a cure to restore Menstruations. Follow us. SYMPTOMS The main sign of amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual periods. Depending on the cause of amenorrhea, you might experience other signs or symptoms along with the absence of periods, such as: *Milky nipple discharge *Hair loss *Headache *Vision changes *Excess facial hair *Pelvic pain *Acne When to see a doctor Consult your doctor if you've missed at least three menstrual periods in a row, or if you
ENDOMETRIOSIS AND TREATMENT Endometriosis (en-doe-me-tree-O-sis) is an often painful disorder in which tissue that normally lines the inside of your uterus — the endometrium — grows outside your uterus (endometrial implant). Endometriosis most commonly involves your ovaries, bowel or the tissue lining your pelvis. Rarely, endometrial tissue may spread beyond your pelvic region. In endometriosis, displaced endometrial tissue continues to act as it normally would — it thickens, breaks down and bleeds with each menstrual cycle. Because this displaced tissue has no way to exit your body, it becomes trapped. When endometriosis involves the ovaries, cysts called endometriomas may form. Surrounding tissue can become irritated, eventually developing scar tissue and adhesions — abnormal tissue that binds organs together. Endometriosis can cause pain — sometimes severe — especially during your period. Fertility problems also may develop. Fortunately, effective treatments are avail
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