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DERMATITIS AND TREATMENT



 DERMATITIS AND TREATMENT

Dermatitis is a general term that describes an inflammation of the skin. Dermatitis can have many causes and occurs in many forms. It usually involves an itchy rash on swollen, reddened skin.
Skin affected by dermatitis may blister, ooze, develop a crust or flake off. Examples of dermatitis include atopic dermatitis (eczema), dandruff, and rashes caused by contact with any of a number of substances, such as poison ivy, soaps and jewelry with nickel in it.
Dermatitis is a common condition that's not contagious and usually isn't life-threatening. Even so, it can make you feel uncomfortable and self-conscious. A combination of self-care steps and medications can help you treat dermatitis.

SYMPTOMS
Each type of dermatitis may look a little different and may tend to occur on different parts of your body. The most common types of dermatitis include:
*Atopic dermatitis (eczema). Usually beginning in infancy, this red, itchy rash most commonly occurs where the skin flexes — inside the elbows, behind the knees and the front of the neck. When scratched, the rash can leak fluid and crust over. People with atopic dermatitis may experience improvement and then flare-ups.
*Contact dermatitis. This rash occurs on areas of the body that have come into contact with substances that either irritate the skin or cause an allergic reaction, such as poison ivy. The red rash may burn, sting or itch. Blisters may develop.
*Seborrheic dermatitis. This condition causes scaly patches, red skin and stubborn dandruff. It usually affects oily areas of the body, such as the face, upper chest and back. It can be a long-term condition with periods of remission and flare-ups. In infants, this disorder is known as cradle cap.

When to see a doctor?
See your doctor if:
*You're so uncomfortable that you are losing sleep or are distracted from your daily routines
*Your skin becomes painful
*You suspect your skin is infected
*You've tried self-care steps without success

CAUSES
A number of health conditions, allergies, genetic factors and irritants can cause different types of dermatitis:
*Atopic dermatitis (eczema). This form of dermatitis is likely related to a mix of factors, including dry skin, a gene variation, an immune system dysfunction, bacteria on the skin and environmental conditions.
*Contact dermatitis. This condition results from direct contact with one of many irritants or allergens — such as poison ivy, jewelry containing nickel, cleaning products, perfumes, cosmetics, and even preservatives in many creams and lotions.
*Seborrheic dermatitis. This condition may be caused by a yeast (fungus) that is in the oil secretion on the skin. People with seborrheic dermatitis may notice their condition tends to come and go depending on the season.

RISK FACTORS
A number of factors can increase your risk of developing certain types of dermatitis. Examples include:
*Age. Dermatitis can occur at any age, but atopic dermatitis (eczema) usually begins in infancy.
*Allergies and asthma. People who have a personal or family history of eczema, allergies, hay fever or asthma are more likely to develop atopic dermatitis.
*Occupation. Jobs that put you in contact with certain metals, solvents or cleaning supplies increase your risk of contact dermatitis. Being a health care worker is linked to hand eczema.
*Health conditions. You may be at increased risk of seborrheic dermatitis if you have one of a number of conditions, such as congestive heart failure, Parkinson's disease and HIV infection.

COMPLICATIONS
Scratching the itchy rash associated with dermatitis can cause open sores, which may become infected. These skin infections can spread and may very rarely become life-threatening.

PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT
You'll probably first bring your concerns to the attention of your family doctor. He or she might refer you to a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions (dermatologist).

TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS
Your doctor may diagnose dermatitis after talking to you about your signs and symptoms and examining your skin. He or she may also suggest doing a skin biopsy or other tests to help rule out other skin conditions.
Patch testing
If your doctor thinks you have contact dermatitis, he or she might conduct patch testing on your skin. In this test, your doctor applies small amounts of various substances to your skin under an adhesive covering.
During return visits over the next several days, your doctor examines your skin to see if you've had a reaction to any of the substances. This type of testing is best done at least two weeks after your dermatitis has cleared up. It's most useful for determining if you have specific contact allergies.

TREATMENTS
The treatment for dermatitis varies, depending on the cause and each person's experience of the condition. In addition to the lifestyle and home remedies recommendations below, the cornerstone of most dermatitis treatment plans includes one or more of the following:
*Applying corticosteroid creams
*Applying certain creams or lotions that affect your immune system (calcineurin inhibitors)
*Exposing the affected area to controlled amounts of natural or artificial light (phototherapy)

LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES
Avoiding dry skin may be one factor in helping you prevent future bouts of dermatitis. These tips can help you minimize the drying effects of bathing on your skin
*Take shorter baths or showers. Limit your baths and showers to 10 to 15 minutes. And use warm, rather than hot, water. Bath oil also may be helpful.
*Use nonsoap cleansers or gentle soaps. Choose fragrance-free nonsoap cleansers or mild soaps. Some soaps can dry your skin.
*Dry yourself carefully. After bathing, brush your skin rapidly with the palms of your hands, or gently pat your skin dry with a soft towel.
*Moisturize your skin. While your skin is still damp, seal in moisture with an oil or cream. Try different products to find one that works for you. Ideally, the best one for you will be safe, effective, affordable and unscented.

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
Many alternative therapies, including those listed below, have helped some people manage their dermatitis. But evidence for their effectiveness isn't conclusive.
*Dietary supplements, such as vitamin D and probiotics, for atopic dermatitis
*Rice bran broth (applied to the skin) for atopic dermatitis
*Tea tree oil, either alone or added to your shampoo, for seborrheic dermatitis
*Fish oil supplements for seborrheic dermatitis
*Aloe vera for seborrheic dermatitis
If you're considering dietary supplements or other alternative therapies, talk with your doctor about their pros and cons.
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Mtonga Isaac Pharmacy,
Ng'ombe Township,
#16/24 Off Zambezi road,
Email: mtongaisaacpharmacy@gmail.com,
Tel: +260974272433/+260966399444,
Lusaka, Zambia
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