Mtonga Isaac Pharmacy is Health and Medical facility that manufacture Herbal medicines at Traditional level and provides treatment to so many kinds of diseases.
This Health facility is based on Herbal medicines rather than Drugs to maintain good health. It is branded by Dr. Mtonga N. Isaac (Herbalist) in Lusaka capital city of Zambia, African region. This business name was registered on 23rd March, 2022 according to Act No: 16 of 2011 of the Laws of Zambia.
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Epiglottitis is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the epiglottis — a small cartilage "lid" that covers your windpipe — swells, blocking the flow of air into your lungs.
A number of factors can cause the epiglottis to swell — burns from hot liquids, direct injury to your throat and various infections. The most common cause of epiglottitis in children in the past was infection with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), the same bacterium that causes pneumonia, meningitis and infections in the bloodstream. Epiglottitis can occur at any age.
Routine Hib vaccination for infants has made epiglottitis rare, but epiglottitis remains a concern. If you suspect that you or someone in your family has epiglottitis, seek emergency help immediately. Prompt treatment can prevent life-threatening complications.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms in children
In children, signs and symptoms of epiglottitis may develop within a matter of hours, including:
*Fever
*Severe sore throat
*Abnormal, high-pitched sound when breathing in (stridor)
*Difficult and painful swallowing
*Drooling
*Anxious, restless behavior
*Greater comfort when sitting up or leaning forward
Symptoms in adults
For adults, signs and symptoms may develop more slowly, over days rather than hours. Signs and symptoms may include:
*Severe sore throat
*Fever
*A muffled or hoarse voice
*Abnormal, high-pitched sound when breathing in (stridor)
*Difficulty breathing
*Difficulty swallowing
When to see a doctor?
Epiglottitis is a medical emergency. If you or someone you know suddenly has trouble breathing and swallowing, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest hospital emergency department. Try to keep the person quiet and upright, because this position may make it easier to breathe. Don't try to examine the person's throat yourself.
This can make matters worse.
CAUSES
Epiglottitis is caused by an infection or an injury.
Infection
A common cause of swelling and inflammation of the epiglottis and surrounding tissues is infection with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacteria. Hib is responsible for a number of serious conditions, the most common of which is meningitis.
Hib spreads through infected droplets coughed or sneezed into the air. It's possible to harbor Hib in your nose and throat without becoming sick — though you still have the potential to spread the bacteria to others.
Other bacteria and viruses also can cause inflammation of the epiglottis, including:
*Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), another bacterium that can cause meningitis, pneumonia, ear infections and blood infection (septicemia)
*Streptococcus A, B and C, a group of bacteria that also can cause diseases ranging from strep throat to blood infections
Injury
Physical injury, such as a direct blow to the throat, can cause epiglottitis. So can burns from drinking very hot liquids.
You also may develop signs and symptoms similar to those of epiglottitis if you:
*Swallow a chemical that burns your throat
*Swallow a foreign object
*Smoke drugs, such as crack cocaine
RISK FACTORS
Certain factors increase the risk of developing epiglottitis, including:
*Being male. Epiglottitis affects more males than females.
*Having a weakened immune system. If your immune system has been weakened by illness or medication, you're more susceptible to the bacterial infections that may cause epiglottitis.
*Lacking adequate vaccination. Delayed or skipped immunizations can leave a child vulnerable to Hib and increases the risk of epiglottitis.
COMPLICATIONS
Epiglottis can cause a number of complications, including:
*Respiratory failure. The epiglottis is a small, movable "lid" just above the larynx that prevents food and drink from entering your windpipe. But if the epiglottis becomes swollen — either from infection or from injury — the airway narrows and may become completely blocked.
This can lead to respiratory failure — a life-threatening condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood drops dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes excessively high.
*Spreading infection. Sometimes the bacteria that cause epiglottitis cause infections elsewhere in the body, such as pneumonia, meningitis or a blood infection (sepsis).
PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT
Epiglottitis is a medical emergency; you won't have time to prepare for your appointment. The first doctor you'll see will probably be an emergency room physician.
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS
If the medical team suspects epiglottitis, the first priority is to ensure that your or your child's airway is open and that enough oxygen is getting through.
Initial test
A pulse oximeter is a device that estimates blood oxygen levels. This device:
*Clips onto a finger
*Measures an estimation of the saturation of oxygen in your blood
If oxygen saturation levels drop too low, you or your child may need help breathing.
Tests after stabilizing breathing
*Throat examination. Using a flexible fiber-optic-lighted tube, the doctor may look down your or your child's throat to see what's causing the symptoms. A local anesthetic can help relieve any discomfort.
*Chest or neck X-ray. Because of the danger of sudden breathing problems, children may have X-rays taken at their bedside rather than in the radiology department — but only after the airway is protected. With epiglottitis, the X-ray may reveal what looks like a thumbprint in the neck, an indication of an enlarged epiglottis.
*Throat culture and blood tests. For the culture, the epiglottis is wiped with a cotton swab and the tissue sample is checked for Hib. Blood cultures are usually taken because bacteremia — a severe bloodstream infection — may accompany epiglottitis.
TREATMENTS
Treatment of epiglottis involves first making sure you or your child can breathe, and then treating any identified infection.
Helping you breathe
The first priority in treating epiglottitis is ensuring that you or your child is receiving enough air. This may mean:
*Wearing a mask. The mask delivers oxygen to the lungs.
*Having a breathing tube placed into the windpipe through the nose or mouth (intubation). The tube must remain in place until the swelling in your or your child's throat has decreased — sometimes for several days.
*Inserting a needle into the trachea (needle tracheostomy). In extreme cases or if more conservative measures fail, the doctor may need to create an emergency airway by inserting a needle directly into an area of cartilage in your or your child's trachea. This procedure allows air into your lungs while bypassing the larynx.
Treating infection
If your epiglottitis is related to an infection, intravenous antibiotics will be given once you or your child is getting enough air.
*Broad-spectrum antibiotic. Because of the need for quick treatment, rather than wait for the results of the blood and tissue cultures, you or your child is likely to be treated with a broad-spectrum drug.
*More targeted antibiotic. The medicine may be changed later, depending on what's causing the epiglottitis.
LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES
Hib vaccine
Immunization with the Hib vaccine is an effective way to prevent epiglottitis caused by Hib. In the United States, children usually receive the vaccine in three or four doses:
*At 2 months
*At 4 months
*At 6 months if your child is being given the four-dose vaccine
*At 12 to 15 months
The Hib vaccine is generally not given to children older than age 5 or to adults because they're less likely to develop Hib infection. But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the vaccine for older children and adults whose immune systems have been weakened by:
*Sickle cell disease
*HIV/AIDS
*Spleen removal
*Chemotherapy
*Medications to prevent rejection of organ or bone marrow transplants
Vaccine side effects
*Allergic reaction. Seek immediate medical help if you have an allergic reaction. Though rare, an allergic reaction may cause difficulty breathing, wheezing, hives, weakness, a rapid heartbeat or dizziness within minutes or a few hours after the shot.
*Possible mild side effects. These include redness, warmth or swelling at the injection site, and a fever.
Common-sense precautions
Of course, the Hib vaccine doesn't offer guarantees. Immunized children have been known to develop epiglottitis — and other germs can cause epiglottitis, too. That's where common-sense precautions come in:
*Don't share personal items.
*Wash your hands frequently.
*Use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if soap and water aren't available.
CERVICAL STENOSIS(BLOCKED CERVIX) AND TREATMENT The cervix is the doorway between your vagina and uterus. It’s the bottom part of your uterus located at the very top of your vagina and looks kind of like a small doughnut. The opening in the center of the cervix is called the os. The cervix works like a gatekeeper, controlling what is allowed and isn’t allowed through the os. When you aren’t pregnant, your cervix produces mucus, known as vaginal discharge. During most of the month, your cervix produces a thick mucus that clogs up the os, making it difficult for sperm to enter your uterus. When you ovulate, however, your cervix produces a thin, slippery mucus. Your cervix may also soften or change position, and the os may open slightly. This is all a calculated effort to make it easier for sperm to enter your uterus. In the days before your period begins, your cervix may harden or change position. The os may narrow and prepare to close in the event of a pregnancy. If there
CONTENTS WhatsApp Facebook Page Telegram Group LinkedIn Group WhatsApp Community We have Solution to your health problem, please click on WhatsApp button below to talk to Dr Mtonga N. Isaac or send Email to us, we are located in Lusaka Zambia. Acidosis (Acid body) and treatment Acromegaly and treatment Adenomyosis and treatment Alcohol poisoning and treatment Amenorrhea (No menstruations) and treatment Amniotic fluid embolism and treatment Amyloidosis and treatment Anal cancer and treatment Anemia (Lack of blood) and treatment Arthritis and treatment Asherman's syndrome and treatment Aspergilosis and treatment Bartholin's cyst and treatment Benign prostatic hypeeplasia and treatment Burning mouth syndrome and treatment Cancer and treatment Candidiasis (Oral thrush) and treatment Carbon monoxide poisoning and treatment Carbuncles/Boils and treatment CD4 - CD8 Count and treatment Celiac disease and treatment Cervical Cancer and treatment Cervical si
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ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION (IMPOTENCE) AND TREATMENT Erectile dysfunction (impotence) occurs when a man can no longer get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse. Having erection trouble from time to time isn't necessarily a cause for concern. But if erectile dysfunction is an ongoing problem, it may cause stress, cause relationship problems or affect your self-confidence. Even though it may seem awkward to talk with your doctor about erectile dysfunction, go in for an evaluation. Problems getting or keeping an erection can be a sign of a health condition that needs treatment, such as heart disease or poorly controlled diabetes. Treating an underlying problem may be enough to reverse your erectile dysfunction. If treating an underlying condition doesn't help your erectile dysfunction, medications or other direct treatments may work. SYMPTOMS Erectile dysfunction symptoms may include persistent: 1. Trouble getting an erection 2. Trouble keeping an erectio
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