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PROSTATITIS AND TREATMENT
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PROSTATITIS AND TREATMENT
Prostatitis is swelling and inflammation of the prostate gland, a walnut-sized gland located directly below the bladder in men. The prostate gland produces fluid (semen) that nourishes and transports sperm.
Prostatitis often causes painful or difficult urination. Other symptoms of prostatitis include pain in the groin, pelvic area or genitals and sometimes flu-like symptoms.
Prostatitis affects men of all ages but tends to be more common in men 50 years of age or younger. Prostatitis can be caused by a number of different things. If it's caused by a bacterial infection, it can usually be treated with antibiotics. However, sometimes prostatitis isn't caused by a bacterial infection or an exact cause is never identified.
Depending on the cause, prostatitis may come on gradually or suddenly. It may get better quickly, either on its own or with treatment. Some types of prostatitis last for months or keep recurring (chronic prostatitis).
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SYMPTOMS
Prostatitis symptoms vary depending on the cause. They may include:
*Pain or burning sensation when urinating (dysuria)
*Difficulty urinating, such as dribbling or hesitant urination
*Frequent urination, particularly at night (nocturia)
*Urgent need to urinate
*Pain in the abdomen, groin or lower back
*Pain in the area between the scrotum and rectum (perineum)
*Pain or discomfort of the penis or testicles
*Painful orgasms (ejaculations)
*Flu-like symptoms (with bacterial prostatitis)
When to see a doctor?
If you experience pelvic pain, difficult or painful urination, or painful orgasms (ejaculations), see your doctor. If left untreated, some types of prostatitis can cause worsening infection or other health problems.
CAUSES
Acute bacterial prostatitis is often caused by common strains of bacteria. The infection may start when bacteria carried in urine leaks into your prostate. Antibiotics are used to treat it. If bacteria aren't eliminated with antibiotics because they "hide" in the prostate, prostatitis may recur or be difficult to treat. This is called chronic bacterial prostatitis.
Bacterial infection isn't the only cause of prostatitis. Other causes can include:
*Immune system disorder
*Nervous system disorder
*Injury to the prostate or prostate area
In many cases of prostatitis, however, the cause is never identified.
RISK FACTORS
Risk factors for prostatitis include:
*Being a young or middle-aged man
*Having a past episode of prostatitis
*Having an infection in the bladder or the tube that transports semen and urine to the penis (urethra)
*Having a pelvic trauma, such as injury from bicycling or horseback riding
*Not drinking enough fluids (dehydration)
*Using a urinary catheter, a tube inserted into the urethra to drain the bladder
*Having unprotected sexual intercourse
*Having HIV/AIDS
*Being under stress
*Having certain inherited traits — particular genes may make some men more susceptible to prostatitis
COMPLICATIONS
Complications of prostatitis can include:
*Bacterial infection of the blood (bacteremia)
*Inflammation of the coiled tube attached to the back of the testicle (epididymitis)
*Pus-filled cavity in the prostate (prostatic abscess)
*Semen abnormalities and infertility (this can occur with chronic prostatitis)
*Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels
*Prostatitis, cancer and PSA levels
Prostatitis can cause elevated levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a protein produced by the prostate. PSA testing is generally used to screen for prostate cancer.
Cancerous cells produce more PSA than do noncancerous cells, so higher than normal levels of PSA in the blood may indicate prostate cancer. However, conditions other than prostate cancer, including prostatitis, also can increase PSA levels.
There's no direct evidence that prostatitis can lead to prostate cancer.
PREPARING FOR YOUR APPOINTMENT
If you have signs or symptoms of prostatitis, you're likely to start by seeing your family doctor or a general practitioner. Your doctor may refer you to a specialist in urinary tract and sexual disorders (urologist). Because your time with the doctor can be brief, it's a good idea to prepare ahead of time for your appointment.
What you can do
Write down information to share with your doctor.
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosing prostatitis involves ruling out other conditions that may be causing your symptoms and determining what kind of prostatitis you have. Your doctor will ask about your medical history and your symptoms. He or she will also perform a physical exam, which will likely include a digital rectal examination (DRE).
Initial diagnostic tests may include the following:
*Blood culture. Your doctor may order this test if there are signs of infection in your blood.
*Urine tests. Your doctor may want to examine samples of your urine for signs of infection. In some cases, the doctor may take a series of samples before, during and after massaging your prostate with a lubricated, gloved finger.
*Bladder tests (urodynamic tests). Your doctor may order one or more of these tests, which are used to check how well you can empty your bladder. This can help your doctor understand how much prostatitis is affecting your ability to urinate.
Based on your symptoms and test results, your doctor may conclude that you have one of the following types of prostatitis:
*Acute bacterial prostatitis. This type of prostatitis is often caused by common strains of bacteria. It generally starts suddenly and causes flu-like symptoms, such as fever, chills, nausea and vomiting.
*Chronic bacterial prostatitis. Chronic bacterial prostatitis occurs when bacteria aren't eliminated by antibiotics and lead to recurring or difficult-to-treat infections. Between bouts of chronic bacterial prostatitis, you may not have symptoms or may only have minor symptoms.
*Chronic abacteria prostatitis. Also called chronic pelvic pain syndrome, this isn't caused by bacteria. Often an exact cause can't be identified. Most cases of prostatitis fall into this category. For some men, symptoms stay about the same over time. For others, the symptoms go through cycles of being more and less severe.
*Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis. This type of prostatitis doesn't cause symptoms and is usually found only by chance when you're undergoing tests for other conditions. It doesn't require treatment.
TREATMENTS
Prostatitis treatments vary depending on the underlying cause. They can include:
*Antibiotics. This is the most commonly prescribed treatment for prostatitis. Your doctor will base the choice of medication on the type of bacteria that may be causing your infection. If you have severe symptoms, you may need intravenous (IV) antibiotics. You'll likely need to take oral antibiotics for four to six weeks but may need longer treatment for chronic or recurring prostatitis.
*Some medications that can help relax the bladder neck and the muscle fibers where your prostate joins your bladder. This treatment may lessen symptoms, such as painful urination.
Anti-inflammatory agents.
*Prostate massage. This is done by your physician using a lubricated, gloved finger — a procedure similar to a digital rectal exam. It may provide some symptom relief, but doctors disagree about how effective it is.
*Other treatments. Other potential treatments for prostatitis are being studied. These treatments include heat therapy with a microwave device and drugs based on certain plant extracts.
LIFESTYLE AND HOME REMEDIES
The following lifestyle changes and home remedies may lessen some symptoms of prostatitis:
*Soak in a warm bath (sitz bath).
*Limit or avoid alcohol, caffeine, and spicy or acidic foods.
*Avoid prolonged sitting or try sitting on a pillow or inflatable cushion to ease pressure on the prostate.
*Avoid bicycling, or wear padded shorts and adjust your bicycle to relieve pressure on your prostate.
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
Alternative therapies that show some promise for reducing symptoms of prostatitis include the following:
*Biofeedback. This is a method for teaching you to use your thoughts to control your body. A biofeedback specialist uses signals from monitoring equipment to teach you to control certain body functions and responses, including relaxing your muscles. Some small studies have suggested the benefit of this process to manage pain associated with prostatitis.
*Acupuncture. This type of treatment involves the insertion of very thin needles through your skin to various depths at certain points on your body. A few small studies have shown that acupuncture may help with prostatitis symptoms.
*Herbal remedies and supplements. There's no evidence that herbs and supplements improve prostatitis, although many men take them.
*Prostate supplements combine minerals and vitamins, particularly zinc, selenium, and vitamins E and D. Depending on the formulation, some supplements may be harmful, so talk to your doctor before using them.
______________________________________________
Contact us:
Mtonga Isaac Pharmacy,
Email: mtongaisaacpharmacy@gmail.com,
Tel: +260974272433/ +260966399444,
Lusaka, Zambia.
________________________________________Mtonga Isaac Pharmacy Zambia
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